SHORT ANSWER:
The Kesavananda Bharati ruling established the "basic structure" doctrine, which limits Parliament's power to amend the Constitution.
DETAILS:
- The Supreme Court ruled that while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its basic structure.
- This doctrine has been used in subsequent cases to review and strike down amendments that threaten fundamental rights or the Constitution's core principles.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Amendments violating the basic structure can be declared unconstitutional.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973 (Supreme Court Judgment)
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