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SHORT ANSWER: The Supreme Court of India has interpreted Article 21 to expand the right to life and personal liberty to include various socio-economic rights through public interest litigations (PILs). DETAILS: - Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to life and personal liberty. - The Supreme Court has held that this right is not just limited to physical existence but includes the right to live with dignity. - Through PILs, the Court has addressed issues like environmental protection, health care, education, and social justice. - The Court has emphasized that the state has a duty to ensure that these rights are protected for all citizens. PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable): - There are no specific punishments under Article 21, but failure to uphold these rights can lead to judicial intervention. SOURCE: - Constitution of India, Article 21
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