SHORT ANSWER:
The basic structure doctrine limits Parliament's power to amend the Constitution in a way that alters its fundamental framework, including fundamental rights.
DETAILS:
- The Supreme Court of India established the basic structure doctrine in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).
- This doctrine asserts that while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot change its basic structure or essential features.
- Fundamental rights are considered part of the basic structure, thus protecting them from amendments that would undermine their essence.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any amendment violating the basic structure can be struck down by the Supreme Court.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
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