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SHORT ANSWER: The collegium system is a method for appointing and transferring judges in the higher judiciary, which impacts judicial independence by allowing judges to select their own successors. DETAILS: - The collegium consists of the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. - It recommends appointments and transfers of judges in the Supreme Court and High Courts. - This system aims to protect the judiciary from executive interference. PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable): - There are no specific punishments related to the collegium system itself, but lack of transparency can lead to concerns about accountability. SOURCE: - Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India (2016) Judgment
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