SHORT ANSWER:
The Indian judiciary interprets and enforces fundamental rights through Public Interest Litigations (PILs) to promote social justice.
DETAILS:
- PILs allow individuals or groups to file petitions in the interest of the public, especially for marginalized communities.
- The judiciary uses Article 32 and Article 226 of the Constitution to provide remedies for the violation of fundamental rights.
- Courts have expanded the interpretation of fundamental rights to include the right to a healthy environment, education, and social welfare.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- There are no specific punishments for filing PILs, but frivolous PILs can lead to penalties or dismissal by the court.
SOURCE:
- Constitution of India, Articles 32 and 226.
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