SHORT ANSWER:
The Kesavananda Bharati case established the basic structure doctrine, which limits Parliament's power to amend the Constitution in a way that alters its fundamental framework.
DETAILS:
- The Supreme Court ruled in 1973 that while Parliament has wide powers to amend the Constitution, it cannot alter the basic structure or essential features.
- This case emphasized the supremacy of the Constitution and the protection of fundamental rights.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any amendment that violates the basic structure can be struck down by the Supreme Court.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973, Supreme Court of India.
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