SHORT ANSWER:
The Kesavananda Bharati case established the basic structure doctrine, which states that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered by amendments.
DETAILS:
- The Supreme Court ruled in 1973 that while Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution, it cannot change its basic structure.
- Key components of the basic structure include the supremacy of the Constitution, the rule of law, separation of powers, and the fundamental rights of citizens.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any amendment violating the basic structure can be struck down by the Supreme Court.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973, Supreme Court of India.
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