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SHORT ANSWER: The Kesavananda Bharati case established the "basic structure" doctrine, limiting Parliament's power to amend the Constitution. DETAILS: - The Supreme Court ruled that while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its basic structure. - This case reinforced the judiciary's role in protecting fundamental rights and constitutional principles against legislative overreach. PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable): - If Parliament attempts to amend the Constitution in a way that violates the basic structure, such amendments can be struck down by the judiciary. SOURCE: - Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973 (Supreme Court of India)
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