SHORT ANSWER:
The Supreme Court's ruling in the Kesavananda Bharati case established the Basic Structure Doctrine, limiting Parliament's power to amend the Constitution.
DETAILS:
- The court ruled that while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its fundamental framework.
- This doctrine protects essential features like democracy, rule of law, and separation of powers.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any amendment that violates the Basic Structure can be struck down by the Supreme Court.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973
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