SHORT ANSWER:
In the absence of robust documentation, oral evidence and circumstantial evidence can be considered valid in Indian courts for proving corruption among public officials.
DETAILS:
- Oral evidence includes testimonies from witnesses who can provide relevant information.
- Circumstantial evidence refers to indirect evidence that implies a fact, such as behavior or patterns of conduct.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- If proven, public officials may face penalties under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
SOURCE:
- Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988
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