SHORT ANSWER:
The Kesavananda Bharati case established the Basic Structure Doctrine, which protects fundamental rights from being altered by constitutional amendments.
DETAILS:
- The Supreme Court ruled that while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its basic structure.
- This case reinforced the supremacy of fundamental rights and ensured their protection against arbitrary changes.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- No direct punishment; however, any unconstitutional amendment can be struck down by the judiciary.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973, Supreme Court of India.
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