SHORT ANSWER:
The Supreme Court of India has upheld and defined the right to freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution while also placing reasonable restrictions.
DETAILS:
- The Supreme Court has ruled that freedom of speech includes the right to express opinions, ideas, and information.
- It has also clarified that this right is subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) for reasons like public order, morality, and defamation.
- Landmark cases include "Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala" and "Shreya Singhal v. Union of India" which reinforced the importance of free speech.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Violation of reasonable restrictions can lead to legal consequences, including fines or imprisonment depending on the nature of the offense.
SOURCE:
- Constitution of India, Article 19
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