SHORT ANSWER:
Indian courts interpret the right to a healthy environment as part of the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution through Public Interest Litigations (PILs).
DETAILS:
- Courts have recognized that a clean and healthy environment is essential for the enjoyment of life and personal liberty.
- Various PILs have led to judgments that enforce environmental protection and sustainable development.
- The Supreme Court has emphasized the need for environmental conservation as a fundamental right.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Non-compliance with environmental laws can lead to penalties and orders for remediation.
SOURCE:
- Article 21 of the Constitution of India, Environmental Protection Act, 1986.
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