SHORT ANSWER:
The basic structure doctrine limits the Parliament's power to amend the Constitution in a way that alters its fundamental framework.
DETAILS:
- Established by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).
- Ensures that certain fundamental rights and principles cannot be changed by amendments.
- Protects the core values of democracy, rule of law, and separation of powers.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Amendments violating the basic structure can be struck down by the Supreme Court.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973 (Supreme Court Judgment)
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