SHORT ANSWER:
The High Courts and the Supreme Court of India balance individual rights and state interests by interpreting the Constitution and applying the doctrine of proportionality.
DETAILS:
- They assess whether state actions infringe on fundamental rights.
- They ensure that any restriction on rights is reasonable and necessary for achieving a legitimate aim.
- They provide remedies for violations of rights while considering public interest.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- If a law is found unconstitutional, it may be struck down, affecting state actions.
SOURCE:
- Constitution of India, Articles 13, 19, 21, and 32.
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