SHORT ANSWER:
The Indra Sawhney v. Union of India ruling upheld the validity of affirmative action policies while emphasizing the need for meritocracy and equality.
DETAILS:
- The Supreme Court recognized the importance of reservations for socially and educationally backward classes.
- It stated that reservations should not exceed 50% of total seats to maintain meritocracy.
- The ruling highlighted that affirmative action is necessary to achieve equality for disadvantaged groups.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- No direct punishment; however, exceeding the 50% limit in reservations can lead to legal challenges.
SOURCE:
- Constitution of India, Articles 15 and 16; Supreme Court Judgement in Indra Sawhney v. Union of India (1992).
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