SHORT ANSWER:
The Kesavananda Bharati judgment established the Basic Structure Doctrine, balancing parliamentary sovereignty with the protection of fundamental rights.
DETAILS:
- The Supreme Court ruled that while Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its basic structure.
- This judgment was a response to the changes introduced by the 42nd Amendment, which sought to expand parliamentary powers.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any amendment that violates the basic structure can be struck down by the judiciary.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973, Supreme Court of India.
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