SHORT ANSWER:
The Supreme Court reaffirmed the basic structure doctrine, stating that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution to alter its fundamental framework.
DETAILS:
- The 42nd Amendment was challenged for altering the balance of power between the judiciary and the legislature.
- The basic structure doctrine was established in the Kesavananda Bharati case.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any amendment that violates the basic structure can be struck down by the judiciary.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973; Supreme Court of India
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