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SHORT ANSWER: Public Interest Litigations (PILs) allow individuals or groups to file petitions in High Courts for the protection of public interest. DETAILS: - PILs can be filed by any person acting in the interest of the public, even if they are not directly affected. - They address issues like environmental protection, human rights, and social justice. - The courts can take suo motu cognizance of matters affecting the public interest. PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable): - There are no specific punishments for filing PILs, but frivolous PILs can lead to penalties or dismissal. SOURCE: - Supreme Court Rules, 1966; Article 32 and Article 226 of the Constitution of India.
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