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SHORT ANSWER: The Supreme Court of India has used Public Interest Litigation (PIL) to promote environmental protection in several landmark cases. DETAILS: - The case of M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1986) addressed air pollution and industrial hazards. - In the case of Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India (1996), the court recognized the right to a healthy environment. - The case of T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India (1996) focused on forest conservation and protection. - In the case of M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath (1997), the court dealt with the protection of the environment from illegal constructions. PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable): - The court can impose fines, direct the closure of polluting industries, and issue orders for environmental restoration. SOURCE: - Various Supreme Court Judgments on PIL and Environmental Law.
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