SHORT ANSWER:
The Kesavananda Bharati ruling established the Basic Structure Doctrine, limiting Parliament's power to amend the Constitution.
DETAILS:
- The ruling states that while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its fundamental framework or basic structure.
- This doctrine ensures the protection of essential features of the Constitution, such as democracy, secularism, and the rule of law.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any amendment that violates the basic structure can be struck down by the judiciary.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973, Supreme Court of India.
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