SHORT ANSWER:
The basic structure doctrine established by the Kesavananda Bharati case limits Parliament's power to amend the Constitution in a way that alters its fundamental framework.
DETAILS:
- The doctrine asserts that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered or destroyed by amendments.
- Key components include the supremacy of the Constitution, the rule of law, separation of powers, and the fundamental rights of citizens.
- It ensures that the core values and principles of the Constitution remain intact despite amendments.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any amendment violating the basic structure can be declared unconstitutional by the judiciary.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973 (Supreme Court of India)
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