SHORT ANSWER:
The basic structure doctrine was established by the Supreme Court of India in the Kesavananda Bharati case.
DETAILS:
- It asserts that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered or destroyed by amendments.
- Key elements include supremacy of the Constitution, rule of law, separation of powers, and fundamental rights.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any constitutional amendment violating the basic structure can be struck down by the Supreme Court.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973
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