SHORT ANSWER:
The basic structure doctrine ensures that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered or destroyed by amendments.
DETAILS:
- Established by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).
- Protects essential features like the supremacy of the Constitution, rule of law, separation of powers, and fundamental rights.
- Allows the judiciary to review amendments that may violate the basic structure.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Amendments violating the basic structure can be declared unconstitutional.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)
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