SHORT ANSWER:
The key fundamental rights enshrined in Articles 12 to 35 of the Indian Constitution protect citizens from discrimination and injustice.
DETAILS:
- Article 12 defines the term "State" for the purpose of Fundamental Rights.
- Article 13 declares laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights as void.
- Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws.
- Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- Article 16 ensures equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
- Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice.
- Article 18 abolishes titles and privileges based on birth.
- Article 19 guarantees freedom of speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession.
- Article 20 provides protection in respect of conviction for offenses.
- Article 21 guarantees the right to life and personal liberty.
- Article 22 provides protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
- Article 23 prohibits trafficking in human beings and forced labor.
- Article 24 prohibits child labor in hazardous industries.
- Article 25 to 28 provide freedom of religion.
- Article 29 and 30 protect the interests of minorities.
- Article 31A to 31C deal with the right to property and its restrictions.
- Article 32 allows individuals to approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Violation of Fundamental Rights can lead to legal action and the courts can declare laws unconstitutional.
SOURCE:
- The Constitution of India
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