SHORT ANSWER:
The Supreme Court established the "Basic Structure" doctrine in the Kesavananda Bharati case.
DETAILS:
- The court ruled that Parliament cannot alter the basic structure of the Constitution.
- It identified fundamental rights, the separation of powers, and the federal structure as part of the basic structure.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- Any amendment that violates the basic structure can be struck down by the judiciary.
SOURCE:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973
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