SHORT ANSWER:
The collegium system is responsible for the appointment and transfer of judges in the Supreme Court and High Courts in India.
DETAILS:
- The collegium consists of the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.
- It was established through Supreme Court judgments, particularly in the cases of "Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association vs. Union of India" (1993) and "Second Judges Case" (1998).
- The system has evolved from a government-led appointment process to one where the judiciary has significant control over appointments.
PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable):
- There are no specific punishments associated with the collegium system itself, but delays in appointments can lead to vacancies and affect judicial functioning.
SOURCE:
- Supreme Court judgments and constitutional provisions.
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