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SHORT ANSWER: The collegium system is used for the appointment and transfer of judges in the higher judiciary in India. DETAILS: - It consists of the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. - The system was established through Supreme Court judgments, notably the Second Judges Case (1993) and the Third Judges Case (1998). - It aims to ensure independence of the judiciary by involving senior judges in the selection process. PUNISHMENT / IMPLICATIONS (if applicable): - There are no specific punishments associated with the collegium system itself, but its decisions can affect judicial appointments and transfers. SOURCE: - Supreme Court judgments (Second Judges Case, Third Judges Case)
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